AMB. EVANS PREDICTED HIS DISMISSAL, NEWLY-DISCOVERED VIDEO
REVEALS
23-02-2007 16:45:00 | USA | Articles and Analyses
By Harut Sassounian
Publisher, The California Courier
During his tour of the United States in February 2005, U.S.
Ambassador to Armenia John Evans met with various
Armenian-American groups on both coasts. In response to repeated
questions as to why U.S. officials did not use the term Armenian
Genocide, Amb. Evans stunned his audiences by openly
acknowledging the Armenian Genocide.
Even though his candid remarks eventually led to his
dismissal or "early retirement" from the Foreign Service, no one
seemed to have, until now, an audio or video record of what Amb.
Evans actually said during those visits. After a lengthy search,
we located an elderly gentleman who is the only person with such
a recording. He had recorded on his home video camera the
remarks on the Armenian Genocide made by Amb. Evans during a
public gathering at the Holy Trinity Armenian Apostolic Church
Social Hall in Fresno, on February 18, 2005.
Exactly two years later, the Ambassador's remarks of that
night are now being made public through this column for the
first time. Given their historic value, I have transcribed the
Ambassador's exact words from the Fresno videotape. A segment of
that revealing video will be shown for the first time during the
March 4 gala banquet in Beverly Hills, organized by the USC
Institute of Armenian Studies, in honor of Amb. Evans.
During his appearance in Fresno, when a member of the
audience questioned why U.S. government officials avoided the
use of the term Armenian Genocide, Amb. Evans gave the following
lengthy, but unusually frank response:
"I accept your challenge. Let me first of all say that no
American official has ever denied the events of 1915. In fact,
the State Dept. archives are filled with Amb. Morgenthau's
reports, [and] the reports of his Consuls, some of which had to
be sent to him in code, because the Turks at that time were
interfering with diplomatic communications.
"I have done a lot or reading. I have done some studying of
Ottoman history a few years back. When I learned that I was
being assigned to Yerevan, I went and read Amb. Morgenthau's
book. I read also Prof. Richard Hovannisian's two-volume
history. I read several other accounts of what I will say
tonight was clearly an act of genocide [sustained applause from
the audience].
"Now let me briefly be very clear about what I have just
said. I have called 'the thing' by its name. It's a very painful
experience, I know, for everybody, and I think almost all
Armenian families, who didn't have the good fortune to fetch up
on these shores before 1915, have been in some way affected by
it.
"I used 'the word' tonight because that's what it was. If
you look at the criteria of the 1948 Convention on Genocide, it
fits. Before I went to Yerevan, I went and talked to the Legal
Department of the State Department. There is one lawyer there
who has the unhappy job of dealing with the issue of genocide,
past and unfortunately present. I asked him, 'Isn't it the case
that had the Convention been in force in 1915, it would have fit
these criteria?' He said, 'Yes.' Now, the one element, if you
look at the criteria in the Genocide Convention, the one element
which has been elusive, is the element of intent which has to be
there.
"I know that many of you may have heard of the flawed TARC
process -- the Turkish Armenian Reconciliation Commission. It
was funded by the State Department. I am ready to admit that
this process was undoubtedly flawed. I talked to David Phillips
who has just written a book about it. But what they did achieve
in that process was a legal opinion that indeed those events
should be called a genocide. At the same time, the lawyers who
looked at this, pointed out that the Convention was not in force
at the time and cannot be applied retroactively. So, while we
may call it that, there are some provisions in the Convention
which cannot be applied. The general rule of international law
is that conventions are arrived at by the states which sign them
and they bind those states for the future. They do not have
retroactive effect. I also know that there are some
international lawyers who disagree with that. But the bulk of
the international legal opinion is that a convention of that
sort cannot be applied retroactively.
"I would be remiss, if anybody left this room tonight
believing that the United States government has changed its
policy with regard to the application of the Genocide
Convention. It has not! But I am committed to dealing with this
issue as honestly, forthrightly and sensitively as we can. I
believe we owe it to each other, as fellow Americans, to discuss
this without playing games, without playing 'gotcha!'
"Now, someone can go out of this room tonight and distort
what I have said, and I could lose my job. I know that I am
taking a risk because I am ahead of some other elements of the
U.S. government in my treatment of this. But I am deeply
convinced that I am doing the right thing in leveling with you
about this issue.
"I think 90 years is too long for us not to discuss the
issue and call things by their own names [sustained applause
from the audience]."
It is profoundly moving to read the remarks Amb. Evans made
in Fresno two years ago. Regrettably, his prophetic words have
come true. It is ironic that no one had to distort his words to
cause him to lose his job! A few days after making the above
remarks, he had the courage of reporting to his superiors at the
State Department that he had publicly acknowledged the Armenian
Genocide.
It is deeply unsettling that Amb. Evans was dismissed
simply for telling the truth. It is a sign of our decadent times
that those who lie keep their jobs, while those who tell the
truth get fired! Amb. Evans knowingly risked his diplomatic
career, for which he deserves the undying gratitude of the
Armenian nation!
Regarding the highly technical issue raised by Amb. Evans
on whether the Genocide Convention of 1948 retroactively applies
to the Armenian Genocide of 1915, we need to point out that the
Jewish Holocaust also occurred before the Genocide Convention,
and yet no one hesitates to call it a genocide.